ADS

The ADS represents Russia's answer to a problem that has plagued combat divers since the Cold War: how to arm frogmen with a single weapon effective in both environments. Previous solutions like the APS underwater rifle were useless on land, forcing divers to carry two weapons. The ADS finally achieves the goal of a true dual-medium weapon with no compromises in either environment, using standard AK-74 magazines on land and specialized dart ammunition underwater. The weapon's adoption by the Russian Navy marks the retirement of the venerable APS, ending an era of specialized underwater-only firearms.

The ADS weight of 4.6 kg includes the integral 40mm grenade launcher. Without the launcher, the rifle is significantly lighter. The dual-mode gas system is a key innovation: it automatically adjusts gas pressure between air and underwater firing modes. The underwater PSP ammunition uses a hardened steel dart projectile weighing 16 grams with a muzzle velocity of approximately 330 m/s in air, while the PSP-U training variant uses a bronze projectile weighing 8 grams at 430 m/s. Underwater effective range decreases with depth: 25 meters at 5 meters depth, down to 18 meters at 20 meters depth. First deliveries to Russian forces occurred in December 2019, with serial production beginning in 2021. An export contract for over 100 units was signed in 2015 with an undisclosed CIS country. The grenade launcher barrel is removable when not needed.